Alexander Nikolaevich Samoylovich (; 29 December 1880 - 13 February 1938) was a Russian Orientalist and Turkologist who served as a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929), Rector of the Leningrad Oriental Institute (1922-1925), academic secretary of the Humanities Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929-1933), and director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences