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Badi? az-Zaman Abu l-?Izz ibn Isma?il ibn ar-Razaz al-Jazari (1136-1206, , ) was a polymath, scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, artisan and artist from the Artuqid Dynasty of Jazira in Mesopotamia. He is best known for writing The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (, also known as Automata) in 1206, where he described 50 mechanical devices, along with instructions on how to construct

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