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Marsilius of Padua (; born Marsilio Mainardi, Marsilio de i Mainardini or Marsilio Mainardini; – ) was an Italian scholar, trained in medicine, who practiced a variety of professions. He was also an important 14th-century political figure. His political treatise Defensor pacis (The Defender of Peace), an attempt to refute papal claims to a "plenitude of power" in affairs of both church and state, is seen by some scholars as the most revolutionary

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