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<p><b>Samuel Smiles</b> (23 December 1812 - 16 April 1904) was a British author and government reformer. Although he campaigned on a <a href="page.php?w=Chartism">Chartist</a> platform, he promoted the idea that more progress would come from new attitudes than from new laws. His primary work, <a href="page.php?w=Self-Help_%28Smiles_book%29">Self-Help</a> (1859), promoted thrift and claimed that poverty was caused largely by irresponsible habits, while also attacking materialism and <a href="page.php?w=laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> government.</p><p>
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