area 44 (BA44) is strongly connected to premotor and supplementary motor regions, and is therefore involved in phonological processing, syntactic structure building, and the motor sequencing of speech production. Researchers also highlight that BA44 is highly engaged in hierarchical processing, the ability to organize and understand multi-level structured information. Lesions to BA44 have been associated with impairments in grammatical morphology, reduced fluency of speech, and articulation planning.

Brodmann area 45 (BA45) is