; accordingly, in 195 or 196 Caracalla was given the imperial rank of Caesar, adopting the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caesar, and was named imperator destinatus (or ) in 197, possibly on his birthday, 4 April, and certainly before 7 May. He thus technically became a part of the well-remembered Antonine dynasty.

Co-augustus

Caracalla's father appointed Caracalla, aged 9, joint Augustus and full emperor from 28 January 198. This was the

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