CpG ratio greater than 60%. The "observed-to-expected CpG ratio" can be derived where the observed is calculated as: and the expected as or .

Many genes in mammalian genomes have CpG islands associated with the start of the gene (promoter regions). Because of this, the presence of a CpG island is used to help in the prediction and annotation of genes.

In mammalian genomes, CpG islands are typically 300-3,000 base pairs in length, and have been found in or near approximately 40%

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