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EF-hands as seen in calmodulin (CaM) and the prokaryotic CaM-like protein calerythrin. The 12-residue canonical EF-hand loop binds Ca²⁺ mainly via sidechain carboxylates or carbonyls (loop sequence positions 1, 3, 5, 12). The residue at the -X axis coordinates the Ca²⁺ ion through a bridged water molecule. The EF-hand loop has a bidentate ligand (Glu or Asp) at axis -Z.
* Pseudo EF-hands exclusively found in the N-termini of S100 and S100-like proteins. The 14-residue pseudo EF-hand loop chelates Ca²⁺

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