are basically used to determine whether a student has passed or failed a class. A criticism of summative assessments is that they are reductive, and learners discover how well they have acquired knowledge too late for it to be of use.

(4) Diagnostic assessment - At the end, the diagnostic assessment focuses on the whole difficulties that occurred during the learning process.

Jay McTighe and Ken O'Connor proposed seven practices for effective learning. One of them is about showing the criteria of the evaluation before the test,

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