the Austrian Empire was tottering.

On 23 March, one day after the end of the Five Days of Milan, King Charles Albert of Sardinia declared war on Austria. He was probably spurred to this by the desire to avoid a revolution in his own country, which was itself a liberal monarchy, and by the hope that he could use the rebellions in Lombardy-Venetia as an opportunity to expand his own kingdom. Thus began the first Italian war of independence.

Summary of strategic situation and forces

As a result of the revolts of Milan

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