management science researchers. See for a genealogy Jennifer Bair (2009). This is changing, with more studies by means of global Input-Output Table starting by economists, and economic geographers outlining the case for proactive sub-national public policy on the engagement of GVCs.

Development and upgrading

GVCs become a major topic in development economics especially for middle-income countries, because the "upgrading" within GVCs became the crucial condition for the sustained

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