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In these flightless species, they tend to have a reduction in the length of their wings, tails, and primaries; reduced pectoral muscles, and a significant increase in body size. Since grebes generally dive more than fly, the sternum can be as small or even smaller than the pelvic girdle. When they do fly, they often launch themselves off from the water and must run along the surface as they flap their wings to provide a lift. Bills vary from short and thick to long and pointed, depending on the diet, and are slightly larger in males than in females

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