language Isolate speaking Zagros Mountains dwellers who were known as the Gutian people by the Semitic and Sumerian of Mesopotamians. Arraphkha was the capital of the short-lived Guti kingdom (Gutium).

Ur III Period

The Gutians were driven from Mesopotamia by the Neo-Sumerian Empire c. 2115 BC.

Middle Bronze

Arrapkha became a part of the Old Assyrian Empire (c.2025-1750 BC), before

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