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with reference to the ground.

Many particles

The momentum of a system of particles is the vector sum of their momenta. If two particles have respective masses and , and velocities and , the total momentum is

The momenta of more than two particles can be added more generally with the following:

A system of particles has a center of mass, a point determined by the weighted sum of their positions:

If one or more of the particles is moving, the center of mass of the

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