as there are some villages in Turkey where it is a common mode of communication. In the Soviet Union, the language of instruction in schools was Russian, and the number of speakers declined there also. Recent estimates place the total number of Nogai speakers at about 80,000.

In 1973, two small Nogai-language newspapers were being published, one in Karachay-Cherkessia and another in the Dagestan Autonomous SSR (????? ????), but most speakers never heard of these publications, and the papers did not