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The origins of PIDE can be traced to 1933, the year of the inauguration of the Estado Novo. Under direct orders from Salazar himself, the Surveillance and State Defence (Polícia de Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado) or PVDE was created, with two main sections:
*Social and Political Defence Section, which was used to prevent and repress crimes of a political and social nature (see: Censorship)
*International Section, which was used to control the entrance of immigrants,

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