(Calidris pugnax).

Humphrey-Parkes (H-P) moult and plumage terminology

The Humphrey-Parkes terminology is a naming system developed by a small group of ornithologists in the USA, using its own specialist names for plumages. The annual moult after the breeding season, is known in it as the pre-basic moult. This resulting covering of feathers, which will last either until the next breeding season or until the next annual moult, is known as the basic plumage. Many species undertake

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