scientific traditions and has been viewed as a precursor to the later revival of Greek science associated with the Renaissance.

The 16th-century Swiss physician Paracelsus is considered "the father" of modern toxicology, based on his rigorous approach to understanding the effects of substances on the body. He is credited with the classic toxicology maxim, "Alle Dinge sind Gift und nichts ist ohne Gift; allein die Dosis macht, dass ein Ding kein Gift ist." which translates as, "All things are poisonous