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Under wet soil moisture conditions, iron and manganese are mobilized and reduced. Manganese may partly be responsible for the dark color of the soil profile.
* Cryerts: They have a cryic soil temperature regime. Cryerts are most extensive in the grassland and forest-grassland transitions zones of the Canadian Prairies and at similar latitudes in Russia.
* Xererts: These have a thermic, mesic, or frigid soil temperature regime. They show cracks open for at least 60 consecutive days during the summer, but closed for at least

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