been divided into two suborders, the sucking lice (Anoplura) and the chewing lice (Mallophaga). However, subsequent classifications indicated that the Mallophaga are paraphyletic, and four suborders were then recognized.

Upon finding that Phthiraptera was nested within Psocoptera in 2021, de Moya et al. reduced the rank of Phthiraptera to infraorder, and the