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than written" (all' ottava: "at the octave" or all' 8^va). 8^a or 8^va stands for ottava, the Italian word for octave (or "eighth"); the octave above may be specified as ottava alta or ottava sopra). Sometimes 8^va is used to tell the musician to play a passage an octave lower (when placed under rather than over the staff), though the similar notation 8^vb (ottava bassa or ottava sotto) is also used. Similarly, 15^ma

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