by +90°. The background light will thus be 180° out of phase relative to the scattered light. The scattered light will then be subtracted from the background light to form an image with a darker foreground and a lighter background, as shown in the first figure.

Related methods

The success of the phase-contrast microscope has led to a number of subsequent phase-imaging methods.In 1952, Georges Nomarski patented what is today known as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy.It

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