2019, AT&T launched a consumer service in the United States that expanded nationwide during 2020.

Commercial 5G deployment expanded rapidly through 2020. Beyond public mobile networks, it was also adopted in private industrial and enterprise systems, including operation in unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) and licensed non-public networks (NPNs). Private 5G networks became important for Industry 4.0 automation and smart manufacturing. Early rollouts used non-standalone (NSA) mode--with