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airways branch repeatedly into smaller bronchi and bronchioles; in humans there are on average about 23 branching generations. Proximal divisions transmit air, while terminal divisions (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli) are specialized for gas exchange. The trachea and major bronchi begin outside the lungs and most branching occurs within the lungs until the blind-ended alveoli are reached. This arrangement produces anatomical

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