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captured the capital of Pavia and Desiderius himself. Charlemagne subsequently exiled the Lombard king to the abbey of Corbie in northern France, and as "king of the Franks", added the title "and of the Lombards", lengthening his moniker. When Charlemagne took the title rex Langobardorum, it marked the first time a Germanic king adopted the title of a kingdom he had conquered. Although Charlemagne had the power to destroy the Lombards outright, he instead permitted them to "retain their laws and pardoned

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