as well as through influence of Modern Standard Arabic as a language of media, government, and religion. For many of these sounds, speakers exhibit free variation between the MSA form and the colloquial form. The following table provides a rough outline of these differences:

} or , 'wave');
masyid or masjid (???? or , 'mosque') || Changes are optional, although jim ? never changes to in recent loanwords from MSA.|-| ? || || (in Classical Arabic words); and,