an arms race among warring groups. In 1821, Hongi Hika travelled to England with missionary Thomas Kendall and in Sydney on his return voyage traded the gifts which he had obtained in England for between 300 and 500 muskets, which he then used to launch even more devastating raids, with even bigger armies, against iwi from the Auckland region to Rotorua.

Use of the musket by Maori

The last of the non-musket wars, the 1807 Battle of Hingakaka,

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