were the first to find the order of the planets visible to the naked eye. While Eudemus doesn't provide the order, it is presumed to be moon - sun - Venus - Mercury - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - celestial sphere, based on the mystically "correct" order accepted in the time of Eudemus. It is likely that the Pythagoreans mentioned by Eudemus predate Philolaus.

In this system the revolution of the earth around the fire "at the centre" or "the fire of the hearth" (Central Fire) was not yearly, but