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half-wave rectifier for a sinusoidal input voltage is:

:

where:
: V_dc, V_av - the DC or average output voltage,
: V_peak, the peak value of the phase input voltages,
: V_rms, the root mean square (RMS) value of output voltage.

Full-wave rectification

A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Mathematically, this corresponds

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