during maintenance-by-maintenance personnel. This is done for safety reasons; a miscommunication between the system operators and the maintenance personnel could cause system operators to mistakenly enable power to a water pump when it is being replaced, for example.

Maintenance personnel should have any equipment they are working on disconnected from power and locked to prevent damage and/or injury.

Communications

An RTU may be interfaced to multiple master stations and IEDs with different communication protocols (usually

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