characteristics, however, are neither exclusively Rhaeto-Romance nor uniformly distributed: several are shared with the Gallo-Romance domain, and some are not present in all internal varieties (Friulian for example does not participate in diphthongations).

Despite these cautions, his classification and the diagnostic traits he identified have remained in subsequent tradition, becoming a standard reference framework in the specialist literature.

Gartner, with his Rätoromanische Grammatik (1883), introduces for the first time the

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