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also form social bonds through grooming behavior.Social grooming may also serve to establish and recognize mates or amorous partners. For example, in short-nosed fruit bats, the females initiate grooming with the males just before flight at dusk. The male and his close-knit female harem release bodily secretions onto each other, which may allow them to recognize the female's reproductive status. A 2016 study by Kumar et al. chemically analyzed these secretions, concluding that they may be required in

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