of power, that limits the range of a GSM cell to 35 km when no special extension techniques are used. By changing the synchronization between the uplink and downlink at the base station, however, this limitation can be overcome.

3G systems

In the context of 3G systems, the integration of time-division multiple access (TDMA) with code-division multiple access (CDMA) and time-division duplexing (TDD) in the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

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