and a half medium sheets of writing material. Sheet amount can be doubled by folding the skin into two conjoined leaves, also known as a bifolium. Historians have found evidence of manuscripts where the scribe wrote down the medieval instructions, which is now followed by modern vellum makers. The makers rubbed the sheets with a round, flat object ("pouncing") to ensure that the ink would adhere to the surface. Even so, some types of ink would gradually flake off as the membrane was folded, rolled, or rubbed.

Manuscripts

Preparing manuscripts

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