Tractatus (1921) was read in the 1920s as offering a picture theory of meaning: a proposition is meaningful only insofar as it can represent a possible state of affairs in the world. Members of what would become the Vienna Circle took over this idea in an explicitly empiricist form, treating the "state of affairs" relevant to meaning as something that must in principle be checked in experience.

Logical positivism

By the mid-1920s

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