an adjacent ferromagnetic layer is called the blocking temperature of that layer and is usually lower than the Néel temperature.

Geometric frustration

Unlike ferromagnetism, anti-ferromagnetic interactions can lead to multiple optimal states (ground states--states of minimal energy). In one dimension, the anti-ferromagnetic ground state is an alternating series of spins: up, down, up, down, etc. Yet in two dimensions, multiple ground states can occur.

Consider an equilateral triangle with three spins, one on each vertex.

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