the start of the Jewish civil and ecclesiastical years) the Seleucid era begins either in 311 BC (the Jewish reckoning) or in 312 BC (the Greek reckoning: October-September).

Ancient Rome

Consular dating

An early and common practice was Roman 'consular' dating. This involved naming both ''consules ordinarii'' who had taken up this office on 1 January (since 153 BC) of the relevant civil year. Sometimes one or both consuls might not be appointed

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