and Classical, and has been the reason for all seven pandemics. El Tor (strain16961) extensively replaced the Classical strain during the start of the seventh pandemic in the 1960s. Serogroup O139 appeared in 1992, and remains prevalent as of lc=y 2015.

Clinical and public health impact

Cholera becomes fatal within hours when left untreated. The World Health Organization reported more than 730,000 cases and 5,100 deaths in 33 countries

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