and GABA receptors that are modulated by Ca²⁺ ions. The Ca²⁺ ions enter through the nAChR in the presynaptic membranes. Therefore, apart from physical blocking of the ion channel, dioscorine could also be indirectly inhibiting the activity of ion channels through the secondary messenger system mediated by Ca²⁺ ions and a cascade of various synaptic events.

Pharmacological Effects

Symptoms

In humans, physiological responses range from dizziness, nausea, vomiting

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