is carried out galvanostatically, by applying a current of about 100 A/m² for about 30 minutes.

The drawback of this method for the production of lead dioxide anodes is its softness, especially compared to the hard and brittle which has a Mohs hardness of 5.5. This mismatch in mechanical properties results in peeling of the coating which is preferred for bulk production. Therefore, an alternative method is to use harder substrates, such as titanium,