where the maximum and minimum are eliminated.

For n = 1 or 2, the midrange and the mean are equal (and coincide with the median), and are most efficient for all distributions. For n = 3, the modified mean is the median, and instead the mean is the most efficient measure of central tendency for values of ?₂ from 2.0 to 6.0 as well as from -0.8 to 2.0.

Sampling properties

For a sample of size n from the standard normal distribution, the mid-range M is unbiased,

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