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of the L- and M-cones.
* The blue-yellow opponent channel is equal to the difference of the S-cone and the average/weighted sum of the L- and M-cones.

Most mammals have no L cone (the primate L cone arose from a gene duplication of the M cone opsin gene). These mammals still show two kinds of opponent channels in their retinal ganglion cells: the achromatic channel and the blue-yellow opponency channel.

Cone opponent mechanisms are encoded in the retina

The output of different

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