married to ordinary Jews.

In Poland-Lithuania

The legal basis for the existence of kahals in the Polish lands was the Statute of Kalisz of 1264 issued by Duke Boleslaw the Pious, which was extended by King Casimir III the Great in 1364 to Jews in towns throughout the whole Polish Kingdom. The kahals were the organising body of the Jewish community in a given locality, and were primarily concerned

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