which used external mixture formation and liquid fuel pilot injection. This engine proved to be functional, but suffered from piston ring failure after a few minutes due to coal dust deposition.

Since the 20th century

Before diesel fuel was standardised, diesel engines typically ran on cheap fuel oils. In the United States, these were distilled from petroleum, whereas in Europe, coal-tar creosote oil was used. Some diesel engines were fuelled with mixtures of fuels, such as petrol, kerosene,

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