Tiele peoples. In 2025, a study by Svenja Bonmann and Simon Fries proposed Yeniseian etymologies for three Hunnic names, Attila, Eskam and Atakam, using this and evidence of Yeniseian river names along the proposed migration route of the Huns from East and Central Asia to argue that the Huns and Xiongnu spoke a Yeniseian language that was related to Arin.

Alexander Savelyev and Choongwon Jeong criticize the Yeniseian proposal by Pulleyblank and note that the