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approach based on Equation to determine the IMFP is the S1 formula. This formula can be applied for energies between 100 eV and 10 keV:
:with the atomic number (average atomic number for a compound), or ( is the heat of formation of a compound in eV per atom) and the average atomic spacing :
:with the Avogadro constant and the stoichiometric coefficients and describing binary compounds . In this case, the atomic number becomes
:with the atomic numbers and of the two constituents. This S1 formula shows higher agreement

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