hinge and its effects on the wingtip path.

Aerodynamics

There are two basic aerodynamic models of insect flight: creating a leading edge vortex, and using clap and fling.

Leading edge vortex

Most insects use a method that creates a spiralling leading edge vortex. These flapping wings move through two basic half-strokes. The downstroke starts up and back and is plunged downward and forward. Then the wing is quickly flipped over

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