catalyst is proposed to undergo transmetalation with a Grignard reagent first, prior to the reductive elimination of the halide, reducing the risk of ?-hydride elimination. However, the presence of a Ni(IV) intermediate is contrary to mechanisms proposed for aryl or vinyl halide couplings.

Grignard reagent

Couplings involving aryl and vinyl Grignard reagents were reported in the original publications by Kumada and Corriu. Alkyl Grignard reagents can also be used without difficulty, as they do not suffer from ?-hydride elimination

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