involved in the activation of Wnt-dependent target genes, suggestive of a direct role of Wnt signaling in neural crest specification.

The current role of BMP in neural crest formation is associated with the induction of the neural plate. BMP antagonists diffusing from the ectoderm generates a gradient of BMP activity. In this manner, the neural crest lineage forms from intermediate levels of BMP signaling required for the development of the neural plate (low BMP) and epidermis (high BMP).

Fgf from the paraxial mesoderm

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