characterization by Georg Nagel and Hegemann.

Zhuo-Hua Pan of Wayne State University, researching on restore sight to blindness, tried channelrhodopsin out in ganglion cells--the neurons in human eyes that connect directly to the brain. Pan's first observation of optical activation of retinal neurons with channelrhodopsin was in February 2004 according to Pan, five months before Deisseroth's initial observation in July 2004. Indeed, the transfected neurons